How do animals perceive the world, learn, remember, search for food, mates, and find their way around? Do any non human animals count, imitate one another, use a Ianguage, think as we do. What use is cognition in nature and how might it have evolved? Historically, research on such questions has been fragmented. Psychologists contributed theoretical models and experiments on Iearning by a few species in the laboratory, Biologists contributed insights about the evolution and adaptive use of perception, learning, and desision-making by numerous different species in nature. Cognition, Evolution and the Study of Behavior integrates research from psychology, behavioral ecology, and ethology in a wide-ranging synthesis of theory and research about animal cognition in the broadest sense, from species-specific adaptations of vision in fish and cognitive mapping in rats and honeybees to theory of mind in chimpanzees. As a major contribution to an emerging interdisciplinary science of comparative cognition, it will be an essential resource for all students and researchers in psychology, zoology, behavioral neuroscience, and the cognitive sciences more generally concerned with how and why animals - including humans - process, retain, and use information as they do.